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Testing Methods

Minimal Resources Were Needed

  • Stringmeter

  • Tension App

  • 3D Printer

  • Drop-mass Stopper

  • Ratchet Containment Components

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Super Glue

          

The data taken is evaluated based on a success/no success criteria. Therefore the documentation will systematically assess the design requirements. The requirements which represent a range of data will be assessed through several trials throughout the range.  

 

Requirements and Necessities for Testing

  • Tools Used for Testing​

    • ​Needle-nose Pliers

    • Floating String Clamps

    • Probing Tool

    • Allen Wrenches

  • Must String a Racquet

  • String Clamping

    • ​Slip/No-Slip evaluation

  • Device Tipping

    • ​Tip/No-Tip evaluation

  • Drop-Mass Translation

    • ​Full movement along the pressure arms from the 30lb to 90lb mark

  • Bending

    • ​Direct measurement

    • Implied effect with picture analysis

  • Ratchet Synchronization

    • ​Ease of use

  • Ratchet Component Translation

    • ​Direct measurement

    • Ease of use

  • String Tension

    • ​Individual string tension

    • Frequency-to-tension software

    • Stringmeter

  • Structural Requirements

    • ​Non-recoverable deformation

    • Fracture

  • Ratchet Teeth

    • ​Endurance Test

 

Operational Limitations

  • Swivel Arm Bar

    • ​Rotates 360 degrees if both struts are positioned so the angles face away from the shaft of the racquet

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Tension

    • ​Maximum allowable tension is 90lbs

    • May surpass limitations of string

    • String doubling to conduct other tests at 90lbs

  • Stringer Tipping

    • ​May need clamps on the opposite side of the drop-mass

  • Precision and Accuracy

    • ​String tension software is precise, but not necessarily accurate

      • ​Only referencing software

      • Measures to 1/10th of a pound

    • Stringmeter is accurate, but not as precise

      • Measures tension in increments of 5lbs

      • Mechanically calibrated

    • Bending 

      • ​Picture Scaling will be used in conjunction with direct measurement

        • ​This will make the measurements more precise while keeping accuracy

    • Timing Requirements

      • ​Stopwatch

        • ​The only inaccuracy comes from stopping and starting the watch fast enough

  • Data Management

    • ​Spreadsheet

    • Minimal analysis is needed due to measurements being "hard" data

  • Success Criteria

    • ​String a racquet

    • String a racquet in less time than the conventional racquet stringer

 

Testing Procedure

          This testing procedure is for all the requirements set forth in the Evaluation Sheet in Appendix G. These do not have to be performed in order since all these are independent tests. Some can be done simultaneously such as string tension and shear force on the ratchet teeth and pawl. Most of the tests will require little time except for the stringing of the racquet and the ratchet endurance test. 8 hours is allocated to testing the time it takes to string the racquet for 3 trials. The testing will be conducted in a garage equipped with a workbench and the tools necessary to make minor adjustments to the design.

 

  • First pull the tension on a line of string using the device and compare it to the conventional drop weight stringer 3-5 times. Record the tension and ease of string.

    • Note any deflection seen in the pressure arm, struts, or ratcheting component and adjustment tubes.

  • Translate the drop-mass along the pressure arms.

    • Note the ease of use and whether or not the mass could be translated.

  • Pull the string tension to 30, 60, and 90lbs for a total of 3 trials.

    • Note the ease of use and whether or not the string slips inside of the clamp.

    • If string does slip, re-adjust sandpaper to maximize gripping power.

  • While pulling the maximum tension, record whether the stringer is tipping or is close to tipping.

    • Clamps may need to be implemented

  • Pull maximum tension on the stringer, then measure the amount of deflection in the arms using a straight-edge and a ruler.

  • Rotate the swivel arm past 360° and record if successful or unsuccessful

  • While stringing a racquet determine the greatest angle of the string when the ratchets are adjusted to the closest position to make the strings parallel. Then measure that angle either through the level app, or by taking a picture and solve for the angle.

  • While stringing a racquet and having the drop-mass drop below parallel with the ground, ratchet both ratchets simultaneously if possible.

    • ​Record ease of use and whether synchronized ratcheting was successful or unsuccessful

  • Translate and measure the ratcheting components along the shaft axis of rotation.

  • Pull the maximum tension and let stand for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Record Observations and note any deformation.

  • After becoming familiar with the new stringing device perform the stringing operation 3-5 times as before and record the time and ease of stringing. 

    • ​Minor adjustments may have to be made, make them until 3-5 adequate trials have been conducted.

 

Risk

  • String Slippage

    • Device could flip over

    • Tension not symetrical

  • Drop-Mass stopper could fail

    • ​Made of plastic

    • Could land on racquet and cause irreversible damage

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

There is some risk involved in this design. The string could slip and cause the drop mass to fall. This could cause the entire device to flip if it is not clamped to the table. Another risk is the drop mass stopper as seen in Appendix I, Fig. 3. This is made of plastic and may snap under the load of the drop mass as it rests against it. A final major risk is the string snapping. This will also cause the drop mass to fall and potentially destroy the device.

          With so many specialized parts the need for every one of them to work is very important, but paramount is that they work together.  A slight design or manufacturing error causes the whole device to not perform as expected. Then it’s about making minor adjustments through the testing process to mitigate these errors. As the manufacturing and testing is being implemented, new ideal designs arise, but can’t be implemented due to time and the nature of the course. 

Deliverables

Device Comparison

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                          New Design                                                                                                  Old Design

 

Parameter Values

  • Requirement 1

    • ​Tension form 30-90lbs

      • ​Tension pulled to 30, 60, and 90lbs

  • Requirement 2

    • ​Translation of drop-mass

      • ​From the 30lb mark at 4.188in from the axis of rotation to the front edge of the drop-mass

      • To to 90lb mark 19.428in from the axis of rotation to the front edge of the drop-mass

  • Requirement 3

    • ​No slipping

      • ​Calculated minium force of 78lbs by the clamp

      • Actual force may be higher due to the force of the string pulling open the clamp from one side while pinching the other side

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Requirement 4

    • ​No Tipping

      • ​At maximum tension of 90lbs

  • Requirement 5

    • ​Deflection of Support Arm

      • ​Deflect less than 0.5in

      • This is in order to minimize the effect on the tension

  • Requirement 6

    • ​Swivel Arm Rotation

      • ​Must rotate 360 degrees

      • Original design did not take into correctly the size of the racquet and its interference

  • Requirement 7

    • ​String Angle

      • ​Angle must be less than 8.5 degrees in order to have minimal effect on the tension

  • Requirement 8

    • ​Synchronized Ratcheting

      • ​Ensure ratchets ratchet the same amount relative to to each other

      • Keep axial stress to a minimum on the bearing

  • Requirement 9

    • ​Hole Spacing on Ratchet Component

      • ​Hole spacing 0.5in

      • Total translation is to be 3in on each side for a total of 6in

  • Requirement 10

    • ​Ratchet Endurance

      • ​Ensure the ratchet can withstand the maximum tension being pulled of 90lbs

  • Requirement 11

    • ​Pressure Arm Deflection

      • ​Can't deflect more than 1.00in

      • This is in order to minimize the effect on the tension

  • Requirement 12

    • ​Stringing Time

      • ​Must be strung in less than 1hr and 24min to better the conventional racquet stringer

 

          

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